Biology for RRB Exams
Cell Biology
Key Facts
- • Cell: Structural and functional unit of life
- • Discovery: Robert Hooke (1665)
- • Powerhouse of Cell: Mitochondria
- • Suicide Bag: Lysosome
- • Protein Factory: Ribosome
- • Kitchen of Cell: Chloroplast (in plants)
Human Body Systems
Circulatory System
- • Heart: 4 chambers (2 Auricles, 2 Ventricles)
- • Blood Groups: Discovered by Karl Landsteiner
- • Universal Donor: O-
- • Universal Recipient: AB+
- • RBC Lifespan: 120 days
Digestive System
- • Saliva: Contains enzyme Ptyalin (Amylase)
- • Stomach: Secretes HCl (pH ~1.5-2.0)
- • Liver: Largest gland, secretes Bile
- • Small Intestine: Complete digestion and absorption
Nervous System
- • Neuron: Functional unit of nervous system
- • Cerebrum: Largest part of brain (Intelligence, memory)
- • Cerebellum: Balances body posture
- • Medulla Oblongata: Controls involuntary actions (heartbeat, breathing)
Vitamins & Deficiency Diseases
| Vitamin | Chemical Name | Deficiency Disease |
|---|---|---|
| Vit A | Retinol | Night Blindness |
| Vit B1 | Thiamine | Beri-Beri |
| Vit C | Ascorbic Acid | Scurvy |
| Vit D | Calciferol | Rickets |
| Vit E | Tocopherol | Sterility |
| Vit K | Phylloquinone | Non-clotting of blood |
Common Diseases
Pathogens
- • Viral: Common Cold, Dengue, AIDS, Polio, Rabies, COVID-19
- • Bacterial: Typhoid, Tuberculosis (TB), Cholera, Tetanus, Plague
- • Protozoan: Malaria (Plasmodium), Amoebic Dysentery, Kala-azar
- • Fungal: Ringworm, Athlete's Foot
Test Your Knowledge
30 random questions • 1 minute per question
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